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WHAT IS CYSTOSCOPY?

Cystoscopy, cystoscope used for bladder cancer and some other clinical conditions (stone, tumor, prostate, etc.). It is the basic diagnostic method that allows examination of the bladder and urinary tract (urethra) using a light-camera endoscope called . Cystoscopy is a day-care procedure and does not require hospital stay. Under sterile conditions, following site cleaning, under local (spray or gel), spinal or general anesthesia; A rigid or flexible camera and instrument (cystoscope) is entered through the urinary tract (urethra) and advanced to the bladder to examine these areas in detail.
How is cystoscopy performed?
When the inside of the bladder is filled with sterile saline, its walls expand and a full image is obtained. Before performing cystoscopy, a gel-like medicine with a numbing and lubricating effect is applied into the lower urinary tract and the procedure is performed 10 minutes later. Thus, patients do not experience pain and discomfort from cystoscopy. In cases where the procedure will take a long time, the procedure may require anesthesia in male patients (since the lower urinary tract is longer than in females). After the procedure, daily activities can often be started the next day. However, it may be necessary to avoid heavy work for 1 week.
In what cases is cystoscopy performed?
  • Lower urinary tract strictures, inflammations, benign and malignant tumors
  • Prostate size, tumors
  • Urinary bladder stones, tumors and inflammations
  • Internal urinary tract (ureter) obstructions
  • It is applied for diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence.

Purpose of Cystoscopy

A cystoscopy procedure is usually performed to reveal causes of bleeding or obstruction and to find any abnormalities in the bladder. Cystoscopy may also be recommended if the urologist thinks that there is a problem in the patient’s urinary tract. For example, if a problem is suspected that causes blockages in the flow of urine. Cystoscopy can also be used for another purpose, to check whether the stitches and treatment interventions have been performed correctly after a surgical operation.
Conditions that can be diagnosed with cystoscopy are:

What are the complications after cystoscopy?

If the cystoscopy procedure is not performed under appropriate conditions, it may cause some undesirable situations. After cystoscopy, mild bleeding, urinary tract infection, urinary burning, urethra and bladder injury, or stenosis in the external urinary tract may occur. For this reason, it is very important that the specialist doctor performing the cystoscopy procedure is experienced and that the conditions of the unit where the procedure is performed are appropriate.

What should be taken into consideration before cystoscopy?

Before cystoscopy, the patient’s detailed history is taken and necessary tests are performed. The patient is informed about the procedure, what is being investigated by cystoscopy and what it will contribute to the patient. Cystoscopy should not be performed when there is active urinary tract infection. For this reason, infection control should be done with urine analysis before the procedure and a single dose of preventive antibiotics should be used. In some cases, antibiotic treatment may be given before the procedure. Elderly patients, smokers, malnourished people, cortisone users, those with suppressed immune systems, those with indwelling catheters, and those who have been hospitalized for a long time can receive this treatment. If the procedure will be performed under general anesthesia, the patient must fast for 6 hours.

How does the recovery process proceed after cystoscopy?

Cystoscopy is not a difficult procedure. The probability of developing a complication after cystoscopy performed in competent hands and reliable healthcare institutions is low. Generally, patients return to their daily lives within a day.

What should be taken into consideration after cystoscopy?

Since there may be a low risk of bleeding or urinary tract infection after cystoscopy, patients are advised to drink plenty of water and avoid heavy exercise for about a week. If there is blood in the urine or pain while urinating, the physician must be notified. The doctor can prescribe an appropriate painkiller against the risk of pain.

Is cystoscopy harmful?

Cystoscopy is not harmful, on the contrary, it is an important procedure that allows the detection of diseases.

Is cystoscopy a painful procedure? Is cystoscopy painful?

Before the procedure, an anesthetic agent is administered to the external urinary tract and then the procedure is performed. Therefore, no pain is felt during cystoscopy. Due to the smaller size of flexible cystoscopy, it provides less pain and more patient comfort. Therefore, routine flexible cystoscopy should be used in outpatient clinic practices.

How long does cystoscopy take?

Cystoscopy takes between 5 and 15 minutes, but this time may be longer if different interventions are performed.

Who can have cystoscopy?

It can be performed safely for diagnosis and treatment in both genders and all age groups.

In what cases is cystoscopy performed for diagnostic purposes?

Cystoscopy can be performed to detect lower urinary tract strictures, lower urinary tract infections and urethra tumors, prostate size, prostate tumors, bladder stones, tumors and inflammations, internal urinary tract obstructions and causes of urinary incontinence. It can be performed for diagnostic purposes in cases of blood in the urine, urinary incontinence, painful urination, overactive bladder, inability to insert a catheter, persistent urinary tract infections, traumas, injuries, and foreign body removal.

In what cases can cystoscopy be applied for treatment purposes?

It can be used in the treatment of urethral obstructions, in the treatment of stones, ulcers and tumors in the urinary bladder, in the removal of stents and foreign substances in the urinary tract and bladder, and in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Why is cystoscopy performed in women?

In cases of urinary tract injuries, frequent urination or incontinence, suspicion of gynecological cancer, urine coming from the vagina, post-urination dripping, recurrent urinary tract infections,

When will the results come out after cystoscopy?

The urologist performing the procedure reports the cystoscopy result immediately after the procedure. If a sample is taken for pathological examination, the pathology result will be available within a few days.

What is blue light cystoscopy or Photodynamic diagnosis?

It is another type of cystoscopy that uses blue light instead of white light to detect bladder cancer. Before cystoscopy, a thin catheter is inserted into the bladder and a fluorescent dye called hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) is injected. Then, a cystoscope with a blue light is entered into the bladder. Cancer cells absorb the dye and glow red or pink when blue light shines on them. In this way, tumor tissues can be seen more easily.

Is cystoscopy with local anesthesia performed on an empty stomach?

Before cystoscopy with local anesthesia, you can eat or drink something light, there is no need to be hungry.

What is done before cystoscopy with general anesthesia?

Before cystoscopy to be performed under general anesthesia, necessary tests are performed for anesthesia preparation and examined by the anesthesiologist. The procedure is performed in the operating room and approximately 6 hours of fasting is required. Cystoscopy should be performed on all pediatric patients under anesthesia in operating room conditions.

What happens after cystoscopy with anesthesia?

To wake up, the patient is kept in the recovery room and monitored. You will be asked to eat and drink something a few hours after the procedure. You can usually return home from the hospital on the day of the procedure.